Guide for Authors

References

Journal Article

Book

Part of a Book

Bulletin or Report

Published Paper and Conference Proceedings

Dissertation or Thesis

Software

Online Source

Patent

Unpublished Material

To cite a reference in the text, use the name-year system. The specific form will vary according to the construction of the sentence in which it occurs:

            as described by Bowen (1994)

            as described earlier (Bowen, 1994)

            Bowen (1994) described this effect

For references with two authors, list both names in the citation:

            as described by Bowen and Roberts (1997)

            as described earlier (Bowen and Roberts, 1997)

            Bowen and Roberts (1997) described this effect

For references with three or more authors, use the form Bowen et al. (1998). Note that "et al." is not italicized.

List all cited references at the end of the text in the References section. Arrange the list alphabetically by the name of the first author; further arrange the list alphabetically by the names of the second author, third author, etc., for jointly authored references or multiple-authored articles:

· List two or more references by the same author (or authors) chronologically from oldest to most recent.

·  Place single-author references before jointly authored references in which the same individual is the lead author.

· Place jointly authored references before multiple-authored articles in which the same individual is the lead author.

· Indicate two or more references by the same author(s) in the same year by adding letters after the year of publication. For example: 1987a, 1987b.

Journal Article

References for journal articles list the author(s), the year of publication, the full title of the article, the journal title, and the volume number, issue number (if any), and page range.

Anderson, G. T., C. V. Renard, L. M. Strein, and E. C. Cayo. 1998. A new technique for
       rapid deployment of rollover protective structures. Applied Eng. in Agric. 23(2):
       34-42.

Renard, C., and T. Van Loon. 2002. Use of power equipment by youth in the Midwest:
       1999-2001. J. Agric. Safety and Health 7(3): 98-105.

Waladi, W., B. Partek, and J. Manoosh. 1999. Regulating ammonia concentration in
        swine housing: Part II. Application examples. Trans. ASAE 43(4): 540-547.

Book

Book references list the author(s), the year of publication, the full title, the edition if other than the first, the place of publication, and the publisher. If you need to cite specific pages of a book, list them in the parenthetical citation, for example: (Allen, 1988, pp. 67-71).

Allen, J. S. 1988. Agricultural Engineering Applications. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley
       and Sons.

Coombs, T. R., and F. C. Watson. 1997. Computational Fluid Dynamics. 3rd ed.
       Wageningen, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.

Griffin Jr., A. C. 1977. Cotton Ginners' Handbook. Agricultural Handbook No. 503.
        Washington, D.C.: USDA.

Part of a Book

Identify a part of a book by chapter or section title and by page range. List the book editor if different from the author. Note that ASAE Standards receive unique treatment.

ASAE Standards. 1989. S352.1: Moisture measurement -- Grain and seeds. St. Joseph,        Mich.: ASAE.

ISO.2001.ISO 9613-1: Acoustics -- Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors --        Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere. Geneva,
       Switzerland: ISO.

Havelock, T. F. 1995. Statistical methods. In Practical Programming Applications, 223-
       227. Holland, Mich.: Overstreet Technical Publications.

Stratmeyer, H. A. 1965. Chapter 3: The goal of effective systems design. In Systems
        Design: Principles and Practices, 87-109.W. H. Pierre, ed. Chicago, Ill.: Graphics
        Publishing.

Bulletin or Report

Bulletins, reports, and other small, self-contained documents often do not have named authors. For the purpose of citing the document in your manuscript, use the name of the publishing organization as the author, abbreviated if necessary. Do not use "Anonymous."

CDC. 2000. Infection vectors for E. coli and intervention strategies. CDC Reference No.
      9923. Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Jesperson, D. 1995. United States fruit and vegetable harvest projections: 1996. USDA-
     1007. Washington, D.C.: GPO.

USDA-NASS. 1987. Soil erosion statistics. Washington, D.C.: USDA National
     Agricultural Statistics Service.

Published Paper and Conference Proceedings

A paper published independently or as part of a proceedings compilation must list all authors, the full title, the volume editors (if any), and the name and location of the publisher or sponsoring organization. If the paper was published in the conference proceedings, use
this format:

Cundiff, J. S., D. H. Vaughan, and D. J. Parrish. 1985. Pith separation procedure for
        processing whole-stalk sweet sorghum. In Proc. 5th Annual Solar and Biomass
        Workshop, 133-136. Ukiah, Cal.: Center for Solar Energy Research.

Note that it's not necessary to list the conference date and location. It's more important to list the name and location of the publisher of the proceedings and/or the sponsor of the conference, as this information will help an interested reader locate the paper.

Increasingly, conference proceedings, and other large documents, are published on CD-ROM. In such cases, use this format:

Miller, F. R., and R. A. Creelman. 2001. Sorghum: A new fuel. In Proc. 12th International
     Alternative Fuels Research Conf., CD-ROM. H. D. Londen and W. Wilkinson, eds.
     Warrendale, Pa.: SAE.

If the paper is not available in a proceedings document, use this format:

Anthony, W. S. 1998. Performance characteristics of cotton ginning machinery. ASAE
      Paper No. 981010. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.

Dissertation or Thesis

If available, include the Library of Congress or the Dissertation Abstracts number in
the reference.

Campbell, M. D. 1991. The lower limit of soil water potential for potato growth. PhD diss.
      Pullman, Wash.: Washington State University, Department of Agricultural
      Engineering.

Lawrence, D. J. 1992. Effect of tillage and crop rotation on soil nitrate and moisture. MS
      thesis. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, Department of Soil Science.

Workman, S. R. 1990. Development and application of a preferential flow model. PhD
      diss. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University, Department of Biological and
      Agricultural Engineering.

Software

An author's name is rarely available for software products, so the reference is usually alphabetized (and cited in the text) with a shortened version of the company name or
product name.

SAS. 1990. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Ver. 6a. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, Inc.

SPSS. 2000. SigmaPlot for Windows. Ver. 3.2. Chicago, Ill.: SPSS, Inc.

Online Source

For online sources, list the author's name or an abbreviated form of the publisher's name, the title of the specific section from which you have drawn information, the name of the site, and the name of the publisher or sponsoring organization. Include the URL address and the date on which you accessed the information.

USDA. 1999. Wheat Production in the Upper Plains: 1998-1999. National Agricultural
      Statistics Database. Washington, D.C.: USDA National Agricultural Statistics
      Service. Available at: www.nass.usda.gov. Accessed 23 April 2000.

MMWR. 2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: 26 June 2000. Atlanta, Ga.:
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: www.cdc.gov/mmwr.

NSC. 2001. Injury Facts Online. Itasca, Ill.: National Safety Council. Available at:
      www.nsc.org. Accessed 17 December 2001.

Patent

Identify patents by the inventor's name, the year of issue, the full title, and the patent number.

Moulton, R. K. 1992. Method for on-site cleaning of contaminant filters in livestock
     housing facilities. U.S. Patent No. 32455986.

Richarde, J. 1983. Process for protecting a fluid product and installations for the
     realization of that process. French Patent No. 2513087 (in French).

Unpublished Material

Include references to personal communication in the text of your manuscript. Write such references as parenthetical citations:

(C. Williams, personal communication, 23 November 1998)

It is not necessary to list personal communications in the References section because they are not available to the reader.

Unpublished material can also include interviews, meeting minutes, mimeographed reports, and raw data. As with personal communication, identify these references in the text within parentheses. Include the source, the date, the location, and any other available information that can establish the authenticity of the reference. For example:

(R. Creiss, unpublished data, 1999. Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida)

(W. Chancellor, interview by author, Davis, Cal., 1 August 1995).

If you choose to list unpublished information in the References section of your manuscript, then include a parenthetical citation in the text and use the following format in the
References section:

Williams, C. 1998. Personal communication. 23 November.

Creiss, R. 1999. Unpublished data. Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida.

Chancellor, W. 1995. Interview by author. Davis, Cal. 1 August.

If you refer to an unpublished source more than once in the text, then you must list it in the References section.